In the Name of Allâh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Dengan menyebut nama Allah Yang Maha Pemurah lagi Maha Penyayang
Fasting or As-Shaum: not to eat or drink or have sexual relations etc. from before the Adhân of the Fajr (early morning) prayer till the sunset.
There are two kinds of fasting in Islam:
1. Obligatory fasting ( To observe Saum (fast) during the month of Ramadhan)
2. Sunnah Fasting/Optional Fasting ( fasting that must be performed in accordance with the sunnah (legal ways, orders, acts of worship statements) of Allah’s Messenger Muhammad bin ‘Abdullah, the last (end) of all the Prophet and the Messengers.
Things to remember when someone is fasting:
Bukhari :: Book 3 :: Volume 31 :: Hadith 118
1. Narrated Abu Huraira:
Allah's Apostle said, "Fasting is a shield (or a screen or a shelter). So, the person observing fasting should avoid sexual relation with his wife and should not behave foolishly and impudently, and if somebody fights with him or abuses him, he should tell him twice, 'I am fasting." The Prophet added, "By Him in Whose Hands my soul is, the smell coming out from the mouth of a fasting person is better in the sight of Allah than the smell of musk. (Allah says about the fasting person), 'He has left his food, drink and desires for My sake. The fast is for Me. So I will reward (the fasting person) for it and the reward of good deeds is multiplied ten times."
Bukhari :: Book 3 :: Volume 31 :: Hadith 120
2. Narrated Sahl:
The Prophet said, "There is a gate in Paradise called Ar-Raiyan, and those who observe fasts will enter through it on the Day of Resurrection and none except them will enter through it. It will be said, 'Where are those who used to observe fasts?' They will get up, and none except them will enter through it. After their entry the gate will be closed and nobody will enter through it."
Bukhari :: Book 3 :: Volume 31 :: Hadith 127
3. Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet said, "Whoever does not give up forged speech and evil actions, Allah is not in need of his leaving his food and drink (i.e. Allah will not accept his fasting.)"
Bukhari :: Book 3 :: Volume 31 :: Hadith 128
4. Narrated Abu Huraira:
Allah's Apostle said, "Allah said, 'All the deeds of Adam's sons (people) are for them, except fasting which is for Me, and I will give the reward for it.' Fasting is a shield or protection from the fire and from committing sins. If one of you is fasting, he should avoid sexual relation with his wife and quarreling, and if somebody should fight or quarrel with him, he should say, 'I am fasting.' By Him in Whose Hands my soul is' The unpleasant smell coming out from the mouth of a fasting person is better in the sight of Allah than the smell of musk. There are two pleasures for the fasting person, one at the time of breaking his fast, and the other at the time when he will meet his Lord; then he will be pleased because of his fasting."
Bukhari :: Book 3 :: Volume 31 :: Hadith 129
5. Narrated 'Alqama: While I was walking with 'Abdullah he said, "We were in the company of the Prophet and he said, 'He who can afford to marry should marry, because it will help him refrain from looking at other women, and save his private parts from looking at other women, and save his private parts from committing illegal sexual relation; and he who cannot afford to marry is advised to fast, as fasting will diminish his sexual power."
Bukhari :: Book 3 :: Volume 31 :: Hadith 154
6. Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet said, "If somebody eats or drinks forgetfully then he should complete his fast, for what he has eaten or drunk, has been given to him by Allah." Narrated 'Amir bin Rabi'a, "I saw the Prophet cleaning his teeth with Siwak while he was fasting so many times as I can't count." And narrated Abu Huraira, "The Prophet said, 'But for my fear that it would be hard for my followers, I would have ordered them to clean their teeth with Siwak on every performance of ablution." The same is narrated by Jabir and Zaid bin Khalid from the Prophet who did not differentiate between a fasting and a nonfasting person in this respect (using Siwak).
Aisha said, "The Prophet said, "It (i.e. Siwak) is a purification for the mouth and it is a way of seeking Allah's pleasures." Ata' and Qatada said, "There is no harm in swallowing the resultant saliva."
Bukhari :: Book 3 :: Volume 31 :: Hadith 164
7. Narrated 'Aisha:
(the wife of the Prophet) Hamza bin 'Amr Al-Aslami asked the Prophet, "Should I fast while traveling?" The Prophet replied, "You may fast if you wish, and you may not fast if you wish."
Bukhari :: Book 3 :: Volume 31 :: Hadith 185
8. Narrated Aisha:
Allah's Apostle forbade Al-Wisal out of mercy to them. They said to him, "But you practice Al-Wisal?" He said, "I am not similar to you, for my Lord gives me food and drink. "
Kinds of Sunnah Fastings:
1. Fast three days amonth
Bukhari :: Book 3 :: Volume 31 :: Hadith 202
Narrated Abu Huraira:
My friend (the Prophet ) advised me to observe three things:
(1) to fast three days a month;
(2) to pray two Rakat of Duha prayer (fore-noon prayer); and
(3) to pray Witr before sleeping.
Bukhari :: Book 3 :: Volume 31 :: Hadith 217
Narrated Ibn 'Umar:
Fasting for those who perform ,Hajj-at-Tamattu' (in lieu of the Hadi which they cannot afford) may be performed up to the day of 'Arafat. And if one does not get a Hadi and has not fasted (before the 'Id) then one should fast of the days of Mina. (11, 12 and 13th of Dhul Hajja).
Bukhari :: Book 3 :: Volume 31 :: Hadith 199
Narrated Mujahid from 'Abdullah bin 'Amr:
The Prophet said (to 'Abdullah), "Fast three days a month." 'Abdullah said, (to the Prophet) "I am able to fast more than that." They kept on arguing on this matter till the Prophet said, "Fast on alternate days, and recite the whole Qur'an once a month." 'Abdullah said, "I can recite more (in a month)," and the argument went on till the Prophet said, "Recite the Qur'an once each three days." (i.e. you must not recite the whole Qur'an in less than three days).
2. Fast of the Prophet David
Bukhari :: Book 3 :: Volume 31 :: Hadith 201
Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Amr:
Allah's Apostle was informed about my fasts, and he came to me and I spread for him a leather cushion stuffed with palm fires, but he sat on the ground and the cushion remained between me and him, and then he said, "Isn't it sufficient for you to fast three days a month?" I replied, "O Allah's Apostle! (I can fast more)." He said, "Five?" I replied, "O Allah's Apostle! (I can fast more)." He said, "Seven?" I replied, "O Allah's Apostle! (I can fast more)." He said, "Nine (days per month)?" I replied, "O Allah's Apostle! (I can fast more)" He said, "Eleven (days per month)?" And then the Prophet said, "There is no fast superior to that of the Prophet David it was for half of the year. So, fast on alternate days."
3. Fast month of Asyura
Bukhari :: Book 3 :: Volume 31 :: Hadith 218
Narrated Salim's father:
The Prophet said, "Whoever wishes may fast on the day of 'Ashura'."
Not allowed to fast:
Bukhari :: Book 3 :: Volume 31 :: Hadith 205
Narrated Muhammad bin 'Abbas:
I asked Jabir "Did the Prophet forbid fasting on Fridays?" He replied, "Yes." (Other narrators added, "If he intends to fast only that day.")
Bukhari :: Book 3 :: Volume 31 :: Hadith 206
Narrated Abu Huraira:
I heard the Prophet saying, "None of you should fast on Friday unless he fasts a day before or after it."
Bukhari :: Book 3 :: Volume 31 :: Hadith 211
Narrated Abu 'Ubaid:
(the slave of Ibn Azhar) I witnessed the 'Id with 'Umar bin Al-Kattab who said, Allah's Apostle has forbidden people to fast on the day on which you break fasting (the fasts of Ramadan) and the day on which you eat the meat of your sacrifices (the first day of 'Id ul Fitr and 'Id ul-Adha).
Bukhari :: Book 3 :: Volume 31 :: Hadith 212
Narrated Abu Sa'id:
The Prophet forbade the fasting of 'Id-ul-Fitr and 'Id-ul-Adha (two feast days) and also the wearing of As-Samma' (a single garment covering the whole body), and sitting with one's leg drawn up while being wrapped in one garment. He also forbade the prayers after the Fajr (morning) and the 'Asr (afternoon) prayers.
Bukhari :: Book 3 :: Volume 31 :: Hadith 216
Narrated 'Aisha and Ibn 'Umar:
Nobody was allowed to fast on the days of Tashrlq except those who could not afford the Hadi (Sacrifice).
There are some more Hadits’ about Sunnah Fasting but from these hadits’ above, enough for us to obey what Allah's Apostle informed us.
To Allah and His Messenger we obey and we do our best to get Allah’s grace and mercy.
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